We can classify analgesics such as narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics. Narcotic analgesics, such as those containing codeine, act on the central nervous system to relieve pain. They are used for more severe pain. Non-narcotic analgesics are the most commonly used drugs for relief of toothache or pain following dental treatment. This category includes aspirin, acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Ibuprofen. Topical anesthetics are applied to mouth tissues to prevent pain on the surface level. Injectable local anesthetics prevent pain in a specific area of your mouth during treatment by blocking the nerves that sense or transmit pain and numbing mouth tissues. They cause the temporary numbness often referred to as a "fat lip" feeling. More complex treatments may require drugs that can induce "deep sedation," causing a loss of feeling and reducing consciousness in order to relieve both pain and anxiety. On occasion, patients undergo "general anesthesia," in which drugs cause a temporary loss of consciousness. Deep sedation and general anesthesia may be recommended in certain procedures for children or others who have severe anxiety or who have difficulty controlling their movements. Anti-anxiety agents, such as nitrous oxide, or sedatives may help you relax during dental visits and often may be used along with local anesthetics. Dentists also can use these agents to induce "minimal or moderate sedation," in which the patient achieves a relaxed state during treatment but can respond to speech or touch. Sedatives can be administered before, during or after dental procedures by mouth, inhalation or injection. Thirty minutes after the anesthesia wears off. Anesthesia for the lower is usually 3-4 hours and 2-3 hours for the upper.

What you eat affects the air you exhale. Certain foods, such as garlic and onions, contribute to objectionable breath odor. If you don't brush and floss daily, particles of food remain in the mouth, collecting bacteria, which can cause bad breath. Dentures that are not cleaned properly can also harbor odor-causing bacteria and food particles.Periodontal(gum) disease caused bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth.Bad breath is also caused by dry mouth (xerostomia), which occurs when the flow of saliva decreases. Tobacco products cause bad breathBad breath may be the sign of a medical disorder, such as a local infection in the respiratory tract (nose throat, windpipe, lungs), chronic sinusitis, postnasal drip, chronic bronchitis, diabetes, gastrointestinal disturbance, liver or kidney ailment. Regular checkups will allow your dentist to detect any problems such as periodontal (gum) disease, a dry mouth or other disorders that may be the cause. Maintaining good oral hygiene, eliminating periodontal (gum) disease and scheduling regular professional cleanings are essential to reducing bad breath. Regardless of what may be the cause, good oral hygiene is essential. Brush twice a day and clean between your teeth daily with floss or interdental cleaners. Brush your tongue, too. If you wear dentures, be sure to remove them at night and clean them thoroughly before replacing them the next morning. If we determines that your mouth is healthy and that the odor is not of oral origin, you may be referred to your family physician or to a specialist to determine the cause of the odor and for treatment. Of course, if the odor is of oral origin, as it is in the majority of cases, we can treat the cause of the problem. If the odor is due to periodontal (gum) disease, we can either treat the disease or refer you to a periodontist, a specialist in treating gum tissues

Constant pressure from chewing, grinding or clenching can cause dental fillings, or restorations, to wear away, chip or crack. Although you may not be able to tell that your filling is wearing down, your dentist can identify weaknesses in your restorations during a regular check-up.
If the seal between the tooth enamel and the restoration breaks down, food particles and decay-causing bacteria can work their way under the restoration. You then run the risk of developing additional decay in that tooth. Decay that is left untreated can progress to infect the dental pulp and may cause an abscess.
If the restoration is large or the recurrent decay is extensive, there may not be enough tooth structure remaining to support a replacement filling. In these cases, your dentist may need to replace the filling with a crown. Yes. Dental amalgam has been used in tooth restorations worldwide for more than 100 years. Studies have failed to find any link between amalgam restorations and any medical disorder. Amalgam continues to be a safe restorative material for dental patients. Only a very small number of people are allergic to amalgam fillings. Fewer than 100 cases have ever been reported. In these rare instances, mercury may trigger an allergic response. Symptoms of amalgam allergy are very similar to a typical skin allergy.
Often patients who are truly allergic to amalgam have a medical or family history of allergies to metals. If there is a confirmed allergy, another restorative material will be used. Yes. Composite resins are tooth-colored, plastic materials (made of glass and resin) that are used both as fillings and to repair defects in the teeth. Because they are tooth-colored, it is difficult to distinguish them from natural teeth. Composites are often used on the front teeth where a natural appearance is important. Normal tooth preparation causes transient thermal sensitivity. Usually decreasing within a few weeks. Extensive decay and preparation may result in sensitivity for several months. Three tablets of Ibuprophen (200mg x 3) should be helpful during the healing time after fillings and crowns. Eating can occur 30 minutes after anesthesia wears off. Posts are used to extend the crown portion of the tooth into the solid root.

Tooth coloured materials like composite or ceramic are used to get the desired shapes. Materials can be added directly to the tooth or pre made laminates cab be stuck to teeth to make these changes. Spaces between teeth are closed most commonly by adding the width of the neighbouring teeth with composite material. Composites can give realistic results and can be indistinguishable even on close range. Shape of teeth can be altered by adding tooth coloured materials or by reducing tooth material. Alterations with composites last for an average of five to eight years. The changes with ceramic last for a longer period, for twelve years on an average.

The pulp is the soft tissue that contains nerves, blood vessels and connective tissue. It lies within the tooth and extends from the crown of the tooth to the tip of the root in the bone of the jaws. An abscessed (infected) tooth caused by tooth decay. When the pulp is diseased or injured and can't repair itself, it dies. The most common cause of pulp death is a cracked tooth or a deep cavity. Both of these problems can let germs (bacteria) enter the pulp. Germs can cause an infection inside the tooth. Left without treatment, pus builds up at the root tip, in the jawbone, forming a "pus-pocket" called an abscess. An abscess can cause damage to the bone around the teeth. When the infected pulp is not removed, pain and swelling can result. Certain by products of the infection can injure your jaw bones. Without treatment, your tooth may have to be removed. Treatment often involves from one to more visits. During treatment, your dentist removes the diseased pulp. The pulp chamber and root canal(s) of the tooth are then cleaned and sealed.
Here's how your tooth is saved through treatment: First, an opening is made through the crown of the tooth. And then opening is made through the crown of the tooth into the pulp chamber.The pulp is then removed. The root canal(s) is cleaned and shaped to a form that can be filled. The pulp is removed, and the root canals are cleaned, enlarged and shaped. Medications may be put in the pulp chamber and root canal(s) to help get rid of germs and prevent infection. A temporary filling will be placed in the crown opening to protect the tooth between dental visits. Your dentist may leave the tooth open for a few days to drain. You might also be given medicine to help control infection that may have spread beyond the tooth. The pulp chamber and root canals are filled and sealed. The temporary filling is removed and the pulp chamber and root canal(s) are cleaned and filled. In the final step, filling or crown is usually placed on the tooth. Your restored tooth could last a lifetime, if you continue to care for your teeth and gums. However, regular checkups are necessary. As long as the root(s) of a treated tooth are nourished by the tissues around it, your tooth will remain healthy. Endodontic (root canal therapy) can often be completed in one visit. More severe or resistant infections require multiple visits. Following the root canal treatment, two separate procedures, the post and core and the crown can often be completed in the same visit, if there is enough time allotted for the entire procedure group to be done. About 25% of cases report discomfort after treatment when they have developed a serious infection. An appropriate medication is prescribed according to the infection severity. Almost all root canaled teeth require a crown due to the brittle tooth condition resulting from the pulp removal. Properly treated and restored endodontic teeth are among the highest predictable procedure in dentistry.

Dental Tourism is a high tech field which allows individuals to achieve personal benefit from Globalization. International dental tourism, Globalization that benefits the individual .. not the corporation. The savings on one 'major tooth repair' can pay for an economy level two week vacation including air!
Significant dental work would result saved money in your bank account + the vacation! Very simple but necessary dental procedures from cleaning to cosmetic... available at significant savings... Simply, because the overheads for a dentist in Turkiye are comparatively lower than in other parts of Europe. Let's take an average example. Say your dentist in the UK says you need twelve crowns or units of bridgework at 450 pounds per unit. That's a total of 5400 pounds. At Belek Dental Clinics in Antalya that would cost 1800 pounds. If we add 10% to that to cover any extras, that is a total of 1980 pounds. That would represent a huge saving of over 3420 pounds on the UK price giving plenty of scope for an enjoyable stay in Antalya. In the unlikely event of a failure of the laboratory work Belek Dental Clinics have agreed to meet the cost of travelling and hotel accomodation of the patient for an additional trip to Antalya to carry out any remedial work. In the case of small adjustments, you can use a dentist in the UK and forward your bill to Belek Dental Clinics for reimbursement. One week is normally more than enough for most crown and bridge work. Implants require a 10-12 days stay with a return visit of 6 days after about 4-6 months. The dentists and essential support staff at Belek Dental clinics speak English. Many thousands of European people fly to Turkiye for dental treatment every year. You can pay in Cash or check or by any major credit card (Visa, Master Card, Discover and American Express).We also offer a 5% bookkeeping discount for prepayment of treatment exceeding $500.Insurance co-pay and annual deductibles will be collected at the time of service. Our office will gladly file your insurance claim electronically. As much as you can but we like at least two weeks to organise appointments, accommodation and flights. During your first visit, our goal is to get to know you, clearly understand your dental health condition, and determine the best plan for any required treatments. So we'll spend time asking you questions about your primary dental concerns as well as your medical and dental histories. Our comprehensive oral exam includes TMJ analysis, detailed periodontal evaluation, diagnostic x-rays, digital photos and charting of existing dental conditions. Dt.Hüseyin Barış Ünsal will review treatment options and answer your questions so you can make an informed decision about your dental health. Our practice accepts most major insurance plans. For additional information, simply call our office and we will be happy to research your specific plan. We will be happy to discuss the particulars of your coverage with you prior to any treatment. Our office enthusiastically welcomes referrals from our patients. The best compliment you can give is to trust us with the care of your family, friends, neighbors and coworkers. Thank you for your support. We will gladly provide you with the necessary new patient form prior to your first appointment. Simply click the Patient Forms link and choose the appropriate forms from the listing provided. Now you can quickly print the forms you need and bring them to your first appointment. A free download of Adobe Acrobat Reader is available for your convenience. We can also send forms via USPS if necessary. Belek Dental Clinics is a state of the art office with a beautiful travel options. We live a mile from the office and enjoy working with a fun and friendly staff Monday through Friday each week. The office hours are convienent for early and late appointments, and we work through lunch so you won’t have to! Our entire practice team is well versed in state-of-the-art sanitation techniques designed to ensure patient safety. First, about 90% of the materials we use for patient care are disposable-- used only once and then discarded. Those items that can’t be disposed are heat-sterilized to kill ALL bacteria and viruses. Second, the treatment room water supply is completely self-contained. We don't use tap water due to the presence of minerals and impurities; we purchase distilled water for use in every operatory. We meet and exceed all infection control guidelines. We are committed to providing safe and healthy dental care to all of our patients and will be happy to answer any questions you may have. Dt Hüseyin Barış Ünsal and partners review the latest industry journals to keep tabs on research and development in the dental industry. They are actively involved in continuing their education and updating materials and equipment on a regular basis. Attending several continuing education seminars yearly and memberships in local, state, and national dental organizations allows them to remain informed of the best dental techniques. They are committed to providing quality, comfortable, dental care using the latest materials and equipment. You may receive an Explanation of Benefits(EOB) from your insurance company stating dental fees are higher than usual and customary or in excess of the plan allowance. The insurance company will determine the usual and customary fee by taking a 10-40% discount off the average fee in a geographic area. They will never say “our benefits are too low”.

Dental implants can provide artificial teeth that look natural and feel secure. Dental implants can also be used to attach full or partial dentures. Implants, however, are not an option for everyone. Because implants require surgery, patients must be in good health, have healthy gums, have adequate bone to support the implant and be committed to meticulous oral hygiene and regular dental visits. A "dental implant" is a substitute for the missing roots of teeth. It is used for connecting the artificial denture directly to the jaw bone. The implant is placed into the jaw bone and the artificial crown is fixed on to the implant. Dental implants are substitutes for the lost natural "roots" of teeth. They are used for replacing missing teeth in a fixed manner, directly on to the bone. The implant is fixed into the bone, instead of the lost root and the false denture is fixed to the implant. One tooth, a few teeth or all the teeth can be replaced using this method. Implants can be used to support and stabilize the conventional ‘complete dentures’ too, to get rid of their discomfort, pain or mobility. A suitable implant for the location is chosen and is placed into the bone. The crown of the tooth will be fixed on to the implant within a few days or at a later date depending on the type of implant and the location It depends on the use and the care taken. A well maintained implant can be in use for many long years. Implants are made of Titanium, one of the most body -friendly materials known today. No, on the contrary, our bone seems to ‘like titanium and seems to accept it without any foreign body reaction. Living bone ‘grows on to’ the titanium implant, keeping it firmly in position (osseointegration). Once thus fixed, it can take the load of chewing. First, surgery is performed to place the anchor. Surgery can take up to several hours, and up to six months may be required for the bone to grow around the anchor and firmly hold it in place. Some implants require a second surgery in which a post is attached to connect the anchor to the replacement teeth. With other implants, the anchor and post are already attached and are placed at the same time.
After the gums have had several weeks to heal, the next step is begun. The artificial teeth are made and fitted to the post portion of the anchor. Because several fittings may be required, this step can take one to two months to complete.
Implant surgery can be done either in a dental office or in a hospital, depending upon a number of factors. A local or general anesthetic may be used. Usually pain medications and, when necessary, antibiotics are prescribed. No, it does not hurt at all. Implantation is a painless procedure. The current success rate of dental implants is over 95%. Just like our natural teeth, implants need to be maintained in a clean manner in order for them to stay healthy. The first visit takes between 2 to 3 hours to place the implant. Then 3 to 4 months later (For conventional implants) the prosthesis can be placed over the healed implant. The price of a single tooth varies between 1,000 and 1,500 EURO depending on the material and implant you choose.

• Bite down on gauze for 30 minutes. This will prevent bleeding. If bleeding persists, then bite down for another 30 minutes on new gauze.
• Do not rinse, smoke, or use a straw for 24 hours. Any of these actions will dislodge the blood clot. The blood clot prevents bleeding and is the first step in regenerating the bone in the socket.
• Avoid hot liquids for 24 hours.
• You can eat when the anesthesia wears off; avoid chewing directly on the extraction site.
• If swelling occurs, or to prevent swelling, place ice on the area of extraction within the first 24 hours for about an hour or so: 20 minutes on, 10 minutes off. (Place the ice outside the mouth - use crushed ice in a baggy covered with a dish towel.)
• If swelling appears after the first 24 hours, do not use ice. Begin applying warm, moist heat to the area.
• At this time of day tomorrow, start rinsing your mouth with 6 oz. of warm water containing ¼ teaspoon of salt. Rinse after meals and before bedtime. Rinsing helps keep food particles from collecting in the socket.
• Take medications (if any) as prescribed by your dentist
• If sutures are used, they may or may not dissolve on their own. Check with your dentist to know when you should return to the office.
• If you have any questions or complications, contact with your dentist.

The following information has been prepared to help answer the many questions you may have regarding the surgical procedure which has just been performed.

• Discomfort: It is not unusual to have a certain amount of discomfort for a day or two following your surgery. In many instances, antiinflamatory analgesic tablets taken daily, will be sufficient to relieve discomfort. It is best not to take aspirin, as it can interfere with blood clotting. Most patients report a "tightening" sensation in the jaw bone for a day or so following the surgery. This will dissipate over time. If necessary, you will be given a prescription for a more potent medication to allow for a mild post surgical recovery period. Take as directed on the label. If significant discomfort persists, contact your dentist.
• Swelling: Minor swelling may follow your surgical procedure. This swelling usually peaks at 48 hours post-operatively. To prevent or minimize swelling, it is advisable to place an ice pack over the area for the next two hours after the appointment. Crushed ice in a zip-lock plastic bag works well. Place on the cheek near the surgical site for 20 minutes, then off for 15 minutes, then on again, and so on. If swelling around your jaws increases greatly, contact your dentist.
• Bleeding: A small amount of bleeding is all that is necessary to discolor the saliva and give the appearance of excessive bleeding. Do not be alarmed as this is not unusual. If excessive or continuous bleeding does occur: a) discontinue all rinsing, b) sit up in an erect (do not lie down) position, and c) very gently bite on gauze over the implant site. If continued bleeding is of concern to you, do not hesitate to call your dentist.
• Appearance: It is possible and perfectly normal during healing for the implant(s) to sometimes show itself through the gum. This is nothing to worry about. (If a Teflon membrane was placed over the implant during the surgery, then you may see white material exposed under the gum tissue.) We will periodically review the healing of the site.
• Diet: Do not eat hard or firm foods on the side receiving surgical care. The key point to remember is to avoid putting any biting forces on top of the implant(s). If both sides received surgical care, then you should eat a soft diet. Avoid very hot foods and very hot liquids for the first day following surgery. Although a liquid or semisolid diet may be used at first, keep in mind that adequate nutrition and fluid intake is essential for proper healing. Needless to say, smoking is highly detrimental to proper healing. Avoid popcorn, poppyseeds, or other seeds that can get stuck and cause infection.
• Antibiotic: In all likelihood, you will be given a prescription for an antibiotic. Although infection is an extremely remote possibility, the antibiotic is an additional measure of security that will help insure a successful implant placement. Take as directed on the label. Call your dentist if you develop a fever.
• Rinsing/ Oral Hygiene: You may have been given a prescription for Peridex or PerioGard - an antimicrobial mouthwash. Rinse twice a day as directed. You should use your toothbrush and floss on the nonsurgical sites as you usually do. Try not to get the toothbrush tangled with the sutures. A cotton swab can be used on the sutures if you feel that you would like to keep that area clean. Do not use a Water Pik near the surgical site for at least 8 weeks.
• Dentures: If applicable, your dentist will discuss with you the use of your dentures.

When X-rays pass through your mouth during a dental exam, more X-rays are absorbed by the denser parts (such as teeth and bone) than by soft tissues (such as cheeks and gums) before striking the film. This creates an image called a radiograph. Teeth appear lighter because fewer X-rays penetrate to reach the film. Tooth decay, infections and signs of gum disease, including changes in the bone and ligaments holding teeth in place, appear darker because of more X-ray penetration. Dental restorations (fillings, crowns) may appear lighter or darker, depending on the type of material used for the restoration. The interpretation of these radiographs allows the dentist to safely and accurately detect hidden abnormalities. How often X-rays (radiographs) should be taken depends on the patient's individual health needs. If you are a new patient, the dentist may recommend radiographs to determine the present status of the hidden areas of your mouth and to help analyze changes that may occur later Children may need X-rays more often than adults. This is because their teeth and jaws are still developing and because their teeth are more likely to be affected by tooth decay than those of adults. Many diseases of the teeth and surrounding tissues cannot be seen when your dentist examines your mouth. An X-ray examination may reveal: Small areas of decay between the teeth or below existing restorations (fillings), infections in the bone, periodontal (gum) disease, abscesses or cysts, developmental abnormalities, some types of tumors.
Finding and treating dental problems at an early stage can save time, money and unnecessary discomfort. It can detect damage to oral structures not visible during a regular exam. If you have a hidden tumor, radiographs may even help save your life. A radiograph may be needed for dental treatment or a dental emergency that can’t wait until after the baby is born. Untreated dental infections can pose a risk to the fetus, and dental treatment may be necessary to maintain the health of the mother and child. Radiation from dental X-rays is extremely low. However, every precaution is taken to minimize radiation exposure. A leaded apron minimizes exposure to the abdomen and should be used when any dental radiograph is taken. A leaded thyroid collar can protect the thyroid from radiation, and should be used whenever possible. The use of a leaded thyroid collar is strongly recommended for women of childbearing age, pregnant women and children. Dental radiographs are not contraindicated if one is trying to become pregnant or is breast feding

Tartar control toothpaste reduces the severity of tartar formation and makes its removal somewhat easier for the patient. Some people develop a burning sensation from these pastes and either switch to another brand or stop their use. A number of our patients have developed more sensitive teeth after using a tarter control toothpaste. We recommend they stop using these toothpastes. Once every 3 months. The Rotadent has shown dramatic improvement for our patients who are not proficient with manual brushing and flossing. Depending on your maintenance level you may benefit from the Rotadent. Yes, it does not eliminate the need for flossing. Use an ADA recognized toothpaste with Fluoride and CLO-SysII on an alternating basis. You could use just CLO-SysII if you use a Anti-Cavity Fluoride rinse or gel. CLO-SysII is one of the only toothpastes that actually kills germs on contact. Millions of bacteria are present in the mouth even a routine cleaning can cause these bacteria to enter the blood stream and settle on a damaged heart valve or Prosthetic and produce a life threatening infection. See your physician for an accurate diagnosis and recommendation of your specific needs. If you have an accurate diagnosis (echocardiogram) of your heart condition, we will know what to prescribe. It is most useful for removing food particles for people with extensive bridge work or patients with braces. Although not completely effective in plaque removal it can be helpful in reducing gingivitis especially when used with CLO-SysII Oral Rinse or Peridex. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on the teeth. These bacteria create toxins that can damage the tooth and gums. Following a meal or snack, the bacteria release acids that attack tooth enamel. Repeated attacks can cause the enamel to break down, eventually resulting in cavities. Plaque that is not removed with thorough daily brushing and cleaning between teeth can eventually harden into calculus or tartar. Brushing and cleaning between teeth become more difficult when tartar collects above the gum line. The gum tissue can become swollen or may bleed. This is called gingivitis, the early stage of periodontal (gum) disease. The best way is by brushing and cleaning between your teeth every day. Brush your teeth twice a day, with a soft-bristled brush. The size and shape of your brush should fit your mouth, allowing you to reach all areas easily. Use a toothpaste that contains fluoride, which helps protect your teeth from decay. Cleaning between the teeth once a day with floss or interdental cleaners removes plaque from between the teeth, areas where the toothbrush can't reach. It is essential in preventing periodontal (gum) disease.

• Place your toothbrush at a 45-degree angle against the gums.
• Move the brush back and forth gently in short (tooth-wide) strokes.
• Brush the outer tooth surfaces, the inner tooth surfaces, and the chewing surfaces of the teeth.
• Use the "toe" of the brush to clean the inside surfaces of the front teeth, using a gentle up-and-down stroke.
• Brush your tongue to remove bacteria and freshen your breath.

• Break off about 18 inches of floss and wind most of it around one of your middle fingers. Wind the remaining floss around the same finger of the opposite hand. This finger will take up the floss as it becomes dirty. Hold the floss tightly between your thumbs and forefingers.
• Guide the floss between your teeth using a gentle rubbing motion. Never snap the floss into the gums.
• When the floss reaches the gum line, curve it into a C shape against one tooth. Gently slide it into the space between the gum and the tooth.
• Hold the floss tightly against the tooth. Gently rub the side of the tooth, moving the floss away from the gum with up and down motions.
• Repeat this method on the rest of your teeth. Don't forget the back side of your last tooth.

Malocclusions often become noticeable between the ages of 6 and 12, as the child’s permanent (adult) teeth erupt. Orthodontic treatment often begins between ages 8 and 14. Treatment that begins while a child is growing helps produce optimal results. As a result, children should have an orthodontic evaluation no later than age 7. By then, they have a mix of primary (baby) teeth and their permanent (adult) teeth. We can spot problems with emerging teeth and jaw growth early on, while the primary teeth are present. That’s why regular dental examinations are important. There are two types of orthodontic appliances: fixed, which are worn all the time and can only be removed by the dentist, and removable, which the patient can take out of the mouth. The dentist selects the type based on your needs. Braces (also called orthodontic appliances) can be as inconspicuous—or as noticeable—as you like. And there are gold-plated braces and glow-in-the-dark retainers. Brackets—the part of the braces that attach to each tooth may be made of metal, ceramic, plastic or a combination of these materials. Children aren’t the only ones who can benefit from orthodontics. If you’re an adult, it’s not too late to correct problems such as crooked or crowded teeth, overbites, underbites, incorrect jaw position, or jaw-joint disorders. The biological process involved in moving teeth is the same at any age. Usually, adult treatment takes a little longer than a child's treatment. Because an adult's facial bones are no longer growing, certain corrections may not be accomplished with braces alone. No matter your age, it's never too late to improve your dental health and beautify your smile. Orthodontics is a specialty area of dentistry that is officially known as Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. The purpose of orthodontics is to treat malocclusion through braces, corrective procedures and other “appliances” to straighten teeth and correct jaw alignment. An orthodontist is a dentist who specializes in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental and facial irregularities. Most dentists are trained to treat some minor orthodontic problems. Good oral hygiene is especially important when braces are present. Brushing regularly, as directed by the dentist, flossing daily and scheduling dental visits can help keep teeth healthy. Patients with braces should maintain a balanced diet and limit between-meal snacks. Your dentist may recommend avoiding certain foods that could interfere with braces or accidentally bend the wires. These foods may include nuts, popcorn, hard candy, ice and sticky foods like chewing gum, caramel or other chewy candy. A protective mouth guard is recommended for sports and other activities that may result in injury to the mouth or jaw. The cost of the entire process of Invisilign is between 2,000 and 4,000 EURO, depending on extractions or non-extractions, as necessary. It takes about 1 to 2 years also depending on the need of extractions or non-extractions. The appointments can vary between every 2 weeks, once a month or every two weeks but depends on the patient's time frame. Patients who live far away from the clinic could have their teeth straightened with this method by using the whole set of Invisilign in series.

Thorough brushing and flossing help remove food particles and plaque from smooth surfaces of teeth. But toothbrush bristles cannot reach all the way into the depressions and grooves to extract food and plaque. Sealants protect these vulnerable areas by "sealing out" plaque and food. Sealants are easy to apply, and it takes only a few minutes to seal each tooth. The teeth that will be sealed are cleaned. Then the chewing surfaces are roughened with an acid solution to help the sealant adhere to the tooth. The sealant is then 'painted' onto the tooth enamel, where it bonds directly to the tooth and hardens. Sometimes a special curing light is used to help the sealant harden. The likelihood of developing pit and fissure decay begins early in life, so children and teenagers are obvious candidates. But adults can benefit from sealants as well.

Periodontal (gum) disease is an infection of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. Periodontal (gum) disease is caused by plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on the teeth. These bacteria create toxins that can damage the gums.
In the early stage of periodontal (gum) disease, called gingivitis, the gums can become red, swollen and bleed easily. At this stage, the disease is still reversible and can usually be eliminated by daily brushing and flossing. In the more advanced stages of periodontal (gum) disease, called periodontitis, the gums and bone that support the teeth can become seriously damaged. The teeth can become loose, fall out or have to be removed by a dentist.
Normal, healthy gums
Healthy gums and bone anchor teeth firmly in place.

Periodontitis
Unremoved, plaque hardens into calculus (tartar). As plaque and calculus continue to build up, the gums begin to recede (pull away) from the teeth, and pockets form between the teeth and gums.

Advanced periodontitis
The gums recede farther, destroying more bone and the periodontal ligament. Teeth — even healthy teeth — may become loose and need to be extracted.

You can prevent periodontal (gum) disease by taking good care of your teeth every day and having regular dental checkups. Here's how to keep your teeth and gums healthy:

• Brush your teeth well twice a day.
• Clean between your teeth every day.
• Eat a balanced diet.
• Visit your dentist regularly.

Eating a balanced diet is necessary to provide the correct amounts of nutrients to nourish both you and your child. What you eat during the nine months of pregnancy affects the development of your unborn child -including teeth. Your baby’s teeth begin to develop between the third and sixth month of pregnancy, so it is important that you receive sufficient amounts of nutrients – especially calcium, protein, phosphorous, and vitamins A, C, and D. It is a myth that calcium is lost from the mother’s teeth during pregnancy. The calcium your baby needs is provided by your diet, not by your teeth. If dietary calcium is inadequate, however, your body will provide this mineral from stores in your bones. An adequate intake of dairy products – the primary source of calcium – or the supplements your obstetrician may recommend will help ensure that you get all the calcium you need during your pregnancy. During pregnancy, many women have the desire to eat between meals. While this is a normal urge, frequent snacking on carbohydrate-containing foods can be an invitation to tooth decay. The decay process begins with plaque, an invisible, sticky layer of harmful bacteria that constantly forms on teeth. The bacteria convert sugar and starch that remain in the mouth to acid that attacks tooth enamel. The longer sugars are retained in your mouth, the longer the acids attack. After repeated attacks, tooth decay can result.
Eat nutritious, well-balanced meals made up of foods from the five major food groups: breads, cereals and other grains; fruits; vegetables; meat, fish, poultry and protein alternates; and milk, yogurt and cheese. Try to resist the urge to snack constantly. When you need a snack, choose foods that are nutritious for you and your baby such as raw fruits and vegetables and dairy products. Following your physician’s advice regarding diet is your wisest course. A radiograph may be needed for dental treatment or a dental emergency that can’t wait until after the baby is born. Untreated dental infections can pose a risk to the fetus, and dental treatment may be necessary to maintain the health of the mother and child. Radiation from dental X-rays is extremely low. However, every precaution is taken to minimize radiation exposure. A leaded apron minimizes exposure to the abdomen and should be used when any dental radiograph is taken. A leaded thyroid collar can protect the thyroid from radiation, and should be used whenever possible. The use of a leaded thyroid collar is strongly recommended for women of childbearing age, pregnant women and children. Dental radiographs are not contraindicated if one is trying to become pregnant or is breast feeding. During pregnancy, your body’s hormone levels rise considerably. Gingivitis, especially common during the second to eighth months of pregnancy, may cause red, puffy or tender gums that tend to bleed when you brush. This sensitivity is an exaggerated response to plaque and is caused by an increased level of progesterone in your system. Your dentist may recommend more frequent cleanings during your second trimester or early third trimester to help you avoid problems. Occasionally overgrowths of gum tissue, called “pregnancy tumors,” appear on the gums during the second trimester. These localized growths or swellings are usually found between the teeth and are believed to be related to excess plaque. They bleed easily and are characterized by a red, raw-looking mulberry-like surface. They are often surgically removed after the baby is born. If you experience pregnancy tumors, see your dentist.
It’s especially important, then, to maintain good oral health during pregnancy. Studies indicate that pregnant women who have severe periodontal (gum) disease may be at increased risk for pre-term delivery, which in turn increases the risk of having a low-birthweight baby. If you notice any changes in your mouth during pregnancy, see your dentist. To help prevent tooth decay and periodontal disease, brush your teeth thoroughly twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste to remove plaque. Be sure to clean between your teeth daily with floss or interdental cleaners. Ask your dentist or hygienist to show you how to brush and floss correctly.

A "crown and bridge" is a sort of fixed artificial denture, connected to the neighbouring teeth, using artificial crowns. There is generally soreness around the gum line. Pressure and temperature sensitivity is occasionally seen for a few days. Do call for an appointment soon if the bite feels high or "off" once the anesthesia wears off. It is much better to polish a high spot before the tooth develops a pain or bruised feeling. Avoiding hard or sticky foods will keep the temporary crown in place. If the temporaries do come out call our office for re-cementation or apply a small amount of denture paste to the temporary. Temporaries remain in place for 3 weeks usually and up to 3 months if extractions are necessary, and 6 months or longer if periodontal surgery is required. No, root canals are not required prior to crowns; but if necessary, can be done after the crown is cemented. Veneers cost between 200 and 400 Euros per tooth. It takes 2-3 visits and between one to two weeks. The cost is determined by the materials and specialist chosen and how many teeth are involved but about 200 to 400 Euros would be the estimated price.

• Bridges are fixed to the neighbouring teeth, implants are fixed to the bone.
• Neighbouring teeth have to be ground down to fix the crowns when bridges are used, where as with implants, the neighbouring teeth are left undisturbed.
• Implants transmit forces to the bone and prevent the resorption of bone around it, keeping bone healthy. Bridges exert the force on the neighbouring teeth and can not prevent bone resorption.
• If bridges are not maintained well, they can cause gum recession and infection on the neighbouring teeth, where the crowns are fixed. Implants on the other hand can damage the bone around it if it is not maintained well.
• Implants are at least twice as costly as bridges.

Missing teeth must be replaced in most cases for these reasons:

• The neighbouring teeth will shift, causing spaces and food impaction between them.
• The opposing tooth will supra erupt, causing uneven wear of the tooth,food impaction and gum problems.
• A missing tooth, in the visible area can be aesthetically unacceptable.

Dentures are commonly classified into two groups, fixed dentures and removable dentures.
Fixed artificial dentures are the ones that are fixed to the neighbouring teeth or to the underlying bone. They can not be removed by the patient.
As the name indicates, removable dentures can be removed by the patient and are not fixed anywhere.

• Dentures must be cleaned, preferably after every meal.
• Removable dentures should be taken out and cleaned after every meal.
• Removable dentures should not be worn at night, they should be kept in a glass of fresh water after cleaning.
• Bridges and implants should be brushed after every meal and flossed at least once a day.
• A floss threader can be used to pass the floss under the bridge, to clean the " belly" of the bridge.
• Bridges and implants should be checked by the dentist at least once in six months.

Complete dentures are called "conventional" or "immediate" according to when they are made and when they are inserted into the mouth.
Immediate dentures are inserted immediately after the removal of the remaining teeth. To make this possible, the dentist takes measurements and makes the models of the patient's jaws during a preliminary visit.
An advantage of immediate dentures is that the wearer does not have to be without teeth during the healing period. However, bones and gums can shrink over time, especially during the period of healing in the first six months after the removal of teeth. When gums shrink, immediate dentures may require rebasing or relining to fit properly. A conventional denture can then be made once the tissues have healed. Healing may take at least 6-8 weeks. A removable denture that fits over a small number of remaining natural teeth or implants. The natural teeth must be prepared to provide stability and support for the denture. New dentures may feel awkward for a few weeks until you become accustomed to them. The dentures may feel loose while the muscles of your cheek and tongue learn to keep them in place.
It is not unusual to experience minor irritation or soreness. You may find that saliva flow temporarily increases. As your mouth becomes accustomed to the dentures, these problems should diminish. One or more follow-up appointments with the dentist are generally needed after a denture is inserted. If any problem persists, particularly irritation or soreness, be sure to consult your dentist.
Dentures can be made to closely resemble your natural teeth so that little change in appearance will be noticeable. Dentures may even improve the look of your smile and help fill out the appearance of your face and profile. Eating will take a little practice. Start with soft foods cut into small pieces. Chew slowly using both sides of your mouth at the same time to prevent the dentures from tipping. As you become accustomed to chewing, add other foods until you return to your normal diet.
Continue to chew food using both sides of the mouth at the same time. Be cautious with hot or hard foods and sharp-edged bones or shells. Pronouncing certain words may require practice. Reading out loud and repeating troublesome words will help. If your dentures "click" while you're talking, speak more slowly.
You may find that your dentures occasionally slip when you laugh, cough or smile. Reposition the dentures by gently biting down and swallowing. If a speaking problem persists, consult your dentist. Your dentist will provide instructions about how long dentures should be kept in place. During the first few days, you may be advised to wear them most of the time, including while you sleep. After the initial adjustment period, you may be instructed to remove the dentures before going to bed. This allows gum tissues to rest and promotes oral health. Generally, it is not desirable that the tissues be constantly covered by denture material. Denture adhesive can provide additional retention for well-fitting dentures. Denture adhesives are not the solution for old, ill-fitting dentures. A poorly fitting denture, which causes constant irritation over a long period, may contribute to the development of sores. These dentures may need a reline or need to be replaced. If your dentures begin to feel loose, or cause pronounced discomfort, consult with your dentist immediately. Dentures are very delicate and may break if dropped even a few inches. Stand over a folded towel or a basin of water when handling dentures. When you are not wearing them, store your dentures away from children and pets. Like natural teeth, dentures must be brushed daily to remove food deposits and plaque. Brushing helps prevent dentures from becoming permanently stained and helps your mouth stay healthy. It's best to use a brush designed for cleaning dentures. A toothbrush with soft bristles can also be used. Avoid using hard-bristled brushes that can damage dentures.
Some denture wearers use hand soap or mild dishwashing liquid, which are both acceptable for cleaning dentures. Avoid using other powdered household cleansers, which may be too abrasive. Also, avoid using bleach, as this may whiten the pink portion of the denture.
Your dentist can recommend a denture cleanser. The first step in cleaning dentures is to rinse away loose food particles thoroughly. Moisten the brush and apply denture cleanser. Brush every surface, scrubbing gently to avoid damage.
Dentures may lose their shape if they are allowed to dry out. When they are not worn, dentures should be placed in a denture cleanser soaking solution or in water. Your dentist can recommend the best method. Never place dentures in hot water, which could cause them to warp.
Ultrasonic cleaners are also used to care for dentures. However, using an ultrasonic cleaner does not replace a thorough daily brushing. You can seriously damage your dentures and harm your health by trying to adjust or repair your dentures. A denture that is not made to fit properly can cause irritation and sores.
See your dentist if your dentures break, crack, chip, or if one of the teeth becomes loose. A dentist can often make the necessary adjustments or repairs on the same day. A person who lacks the proper training will not be able to reconstruct the denture. This can cause greater damage to the denture and may cause problems in your mouth. Glue sold over-the-counter often contains harmful chemicals and should not be used on dentures. Over time, dentures will need to be relined, rebased, or remade due to normal wear. To reline or rebase a denture, the dentist uses the existing denture teeth and refits the denture base or makes a new denture base. Dentures may need to be replaced if they become loose and the teeth show signs of significant wear. Dentures become loose because a mouth naturally changes with age. Bone and gum ridges can recede or shrink, causing jaws to align differently. Shrinking ridges can cause dentures to fit less securely. Loose dentures can cause health problems, including sores and infections. A loose denture also makes chewing more difficult and may change your facial features. It's important to replace worn or poorly-fitting dentures before they cause problems. Even with full dentures, you still need to take good care of your mouth. Every morning, brush your gums, tongue and palate with a soft-bristled brush before you put in your dentures. This removes plaque and stimulates circulation in the mouth. Selecting a balanced diet for proper nutrition is also important for maintaining a healthy mouth. Your dentist will advise you about how often to visit. Regular dental check-ups are important. The dentist will examine your mouth to see if your dentures continue to fit properly. The dentist also examines your mouth for signs of oral diseases including cancer. With regular professional care, a positive attitude and persistence, you can become one of the millions of people who wear their dentures with a smile. Removable partial dentures usually consist of replacement teeth attached to pink or gum-colored plastic bases, which are connected by metal framework. Removable partial dentures attach to your natural teeth with metal clasps or devices called precision attachments. Precision attachments are generally more esthetic than metal clasps and they are nearly invisible. Crowns on your natural teeth may improve the fit of a removable partial denture and they are usually required with attachments. Dentures with precision attachments generally cost more than those with metal clasps. For the first few weeks, your new partial denture may feel awkward or bulky. However, your mouth will eventually become accustomed to wearing it. Inserting and removing the denture will require some practice. Follow all instructions given by your dentist. Your denture should fit into place with relative ease. Never force the partial denture into position by biting down. This could bend or break the clasps. Your dentist will give you specific instruction about how long the denture should be worn and when it should be removed. Initially, you may be asked to wear your partial denture all the time. Although this may be temporarily uncomfortable, it is the quickest way to identify those denture parts that may need adjustment. If the denture puts too much pressure on a particular area, that spot will become sore. Your dentist will adjust the denture to fit more comfortably. After making adjustments, your dentist will probably recommend that you take the denture out of your mouth before going to bed and replace it in the morning. Replacing missing teeth should make eating a more pleasant experience. Start out by eating soft foods that are cut into small pieces. Chew on both sides of the mouth to keep even pressure on the denture. Avoid foods that are extremely sticky or hard. You may want to avoid chewing gum while you adjust to the denture. It can be difficult to speak clearly when you are missing teeth. Consequently, wearing a partial denture may help. If you find it difficult to pronounce certain words with your new denture, practice reading out loud. Repeat the words that give you trouble. With time, you will become accustomed to speaking properly with your denture. Handling a denture requires care. It's a good idea to stand over a folded towel or a sink of water just in case you accidentally drop the denture. Brush the denture each day to remove food deposits and plaque. Brushing your denture helps prevent the appliance from becoming permanently stained. It's best to use a brush that is designed for cleaning dentures. A denture brush has bristles that are arranged to fit the shape of the denture. A regular, soft-bristled toothbrush is also acceptable. Avoid using a brush with hard bristles, which can damage the denture. Your dentist can recommend a denture cleaner. Some people use hand soap or mild dishwashing liquid to clean their dentures, which are both acceptable. Other types of household cleaners and many toothpastes are too abrasive and should not be used for cleaning dentures. Clean your dentures by thoroughly rinsing off loose food particles. Moisten the brush and apply the denture cleaner. Brush all denture surfaces gently to avoid damaging the plastic or bending the attachments. A denture could lose its proper shape if it is not kept moist. At night, the denture should be placed in soaking solution or water. However, if the appliance has metal attachments, they could be tarnished if placed in soaking solution. Your dentist can recommend the proper method for keeping your dentures in good shape. Over time, adjusting the denture may be necessary. As you age, your mouth naturally changes, which can affect the fit of the denture. Your bone and gum ridges can recede or shrink, resulting in a loose-fitting denture. Dentures that do not fit properly should be adjusted by your dentist. Loose dentures can cause various problems, including sores or infections. See your dentist promptly if your denture becomes loose. You can do serious harm to your denture and to your health by trying to adjust or repair your denture. A denture that is not made to fit precisely by a dentist can cause irritation and sores. Using a do-it-yourself kit can damage the appliance beyond repair. Glues sold over-the-counter often contain harmful chemicals and should not be used on a denture.
If your denture no longer fits properly, if it breaks, cracks or chips, or if one of the teeth becomes loose, see your dentist immediately. In many cases, dentists can make necessary adjustments or repairs, often on the same day. Complicated repairs may require that the denture be sent to a special dental laboratory. Brushing twice a day and cleaning between your teeth daily help prevent tooth decay and periodontal (gum) disease that can lead to tooth loss. Pay special attention to cleaning teeth that fit under the denture's metal clasps. Plaque that becomes trapped under the clasps will increase the risk of tooth decay. Your dentist can demonstrate how to properly brush and clean between teeth. Selecting a balanced diet for proper nutrition is also important. Your dentist will advise you on the frequency of dental visits. Regular dental check-ups and having your teeth professionally cleaned are vital for maintaining a healthy smile.

Our entire practice team is well versed in state-of-the-art sanitation techniques designed to ensure patient safety. First, about 90% of the materials we use for patient care are disposable used only once and then discarded. Those items that can’t be disposed are heat-sterilized to kill ALL bacteria and viruses. Second, the treatment room water supply is completely self-contained. We don't use tap water due to the presence of minerals and impurities; we purchase distilled water for use in every operatory. We meet and exceed all infection control guidelines. We are committed to providing safe and healthy dental care to all of our patients and will be happy to answer any questions you may have.

Teeth whitening is done to gain colour when all the teeth are discoloured, lack good colour or when few teeth have discolourations. You may want to start by speaking with your dentist. Your dentist can tell you whether whitening procedures would be effective for you. Whiteners may not correct all types of discoloration. For example, yellow-ish hued teeth will probably bleach well, brownish-colored teeth may bleach less well, and grayish-hued teeth may not bleach well at all. Likewise, bleaching may not enhance your smile if you have had bonding or tooth-colored fillings placed in your front teeth. The whitener will not effect the color of these materials, and they will stand out in your newly whitened smile. In these cases, you may want to investigate other options, like porcelain veneers or dental bonding. If you are a candidate for bleaching, your dentist may suggest a procedure that can be done in his or her office. This procedure is called chairside bleaching and may require more than one office visit. Each visit may take from 30 minutes to one hour. During chairside bleaching, the dentist will apply either a protective gel to your gums or a rubber shield to protect the oral soft tissues. A bleaching agent is then applied to the teeth, and a special light may be used to enhance the action of the agent. Lasers have been used during tooth whitening procedures to enhance the action of the whitening agent. There are several types of products available for use at home, which can either be dispensed by your dentist or purchased over-the-counter.
Bleaching solutions; These products contain peroxide(s), which actually bleach the tooth enamel. These products typically rely on percent carbamide peroxide as the bleaching agent, carbamide peroxide comes in several different concentrations (10%, 16%, 22%).
Peroxide-containing whiteners typically come in a gel and are placed in a mouthguard. Usage regimens vary. Some products are used for about twice a day for 2 weeks, and others are intended for overnight use for 1-2 weeks. If you obtain the bleaching solution from your dentist, your dentist can make a custom-fitted mouthguard for you that will fit your teeth precisely. You also may want to speak with your dentist should any side effects become bothersome. For example, teeth can become sensitive during the period when you are using the bleaching solution. In many cases, this sensitivity is temporary and should lessen once the treatment is finished. Some people also experience soft tissue irritation—either from a tray that doesn’t fit properly or from solution that may come in contact with the tissues. If you have concerns about such side effects, you should discuss them with your dentist.
Toothpastes; All toothpastes help remove surface stain through the action of mild abrasives. "Whitening" toothpastes have special chemical or polishing agents that provide additional stain removal effectiveness. Unlike bleaches, these products do not alter the intrinsic color of teeth. It depends on the care taken after whitening. On an average, the effect lasts for 3 years with a marked improvement in colour. Currently this process will hold stable for approximately 3 years. Retreatment is very simple using an original mouthpiece, new touchup kit, and new chemicals. We have three options for keeping your smile white after you have bleached them: you can buy additional touch-up kits, you can purchase the BriteSmile Assurance program that lets you get two additional one-hour whitening treatments in our office for half price, and you can purchase the add-on home bleaching systems at a discount when you do our in-office bleaching systems. This way the effect of your bleaching lasts as long as you like. Approximately two weeks for each arch using the NiteWhite or Day White systems. You may treat both arches at the same time or separately. When we do the in-office BriteSmile system, the results occur in one hour. Zoom also takes about one hour. The chemicals in Nite White and Day White have been used for many years with no harmful effects documented or reported. BriteSmile also has been found to be entirely safe to teeth. Zoom is equally kind to the teeth and has both the in-office gel and the home gel for whitening teeth. Tooth whitening is a bleaching process that lightens discoloration and removes stains from the enamel and dentin of the teeth. Nite White, Day White, and Zoom! Take-Home use a mild solution retained in a custom filled appliance that is worn over your teeth while you sleep or during the day. You can only get Nite White and Day White from your dentist. Prior to beginning treatment, your dentist will examine you to determine whether you have any untreated cavities, tooth decay, or unhealthy teeth. Then, a custom-fitted tray is made by taking an impression of your teeth, which gives you a personalized tray and allows you to achieve optimum results. There are many causes. The most common include aging, consumption of staining substances (coffee, teas, colas, tobacco), trauma, tetracycline (antibiotic) staining, excessive fluoride, and nerve degeneration. Almost anyone. However there are some cases where the treatment may not be effective. A dentist will determine a viable candidate for the process through a thorough oral examination and diagnosis. Tooth-lightening is ideal for patients who have healthy, unrestored teeth and would like to have a whiter, brighter smile. To date, there has been no testing done on the effects of using a professional tooth-whitening system while pregnant or lactating. Therefore, we do not recommend that you use Nite White or Day White if you are pregnant or lactating. Sometimes the biting edges and the sides of the teeth whiten more quickly than the rest of the teeth. This occurs because your enamel is thinner in these areas and responds faster to the whitening process. As you continue to use Nite White or Day White, the rest of your teeth will catch up and the color will even out. Yes! research and clinical studies indicate that whitening teeth with carbamide peroxide and/or hydrogen peroxide under the supervision of a dentist is safe for teeth and gums. In fact, many dentists consider this whitening process the safest cosmetic procedure available today. Currently there are many techniques but in the most popular home whitening system, a custom tray is made to fit the patient's teeth. The tray is worn at night with the whitening gel and removed in the morning again to be repeated with fresh gel at night. Teeth gain substantial colour in ten to twelve days with this system. Now, "day whitening" systems with less wear time too are available. Laser tooth whitening takes between 1 hour and 1-1/2 hours. The price is between 400 and 600 Euro.